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The Lānai hookbill (''Dysmorodrepanis munroi'') is an extinct species of Hawaiian honeycreeper. It was endemic to the island of Lānai in Hawaii, and was last seen in the southwestern part of the island. George C. Munro collected the only known specimen of this species in 1913, which is housed in the Bernice P. Bishop Museum in Honolulu, and saw the species only twice more, once in 1916 and for a final time in 1918. No other sightings have been reported. They inhabited montane dry forests dominated by akoko (''Euphorbia'' species) and ōpuhe (''Urera glabra''). The Lānai hookbill was monotypic within the genus ''Dysmorodrepanis'' and had no known subspecies. Its closest relative is believed to be the ōū, and some early authors suggested that the Lānai hookbill was merely a deformed ōū. The Lānai hookbill was a plump, medium-sized bird with greenish olive upperparts and pale whitish yellow underparts. It also had a yellow or white superciliary line and a white chin and throat. The wings also had a distinctive and conspicuous white wing patch. The hookbill's distinguishing characteristic was its heavy, parrotlike bill, which had the mandibles hooking sharply towards each other, leaving a gap between them when the beak was closed. As the bird became extinct before significant field observations could be made, not much is known about its behavior. The Lānai hookbill is only known to have eaten the fruit of the ōpuhe; however, it is unlikely that its unique bill would have developed to eat fruit, and it may have been a snail specialist. The hookbill has not been seen since 1918, and by 1940 nearly all of Lānai's forests were converted into pineapple fields, destroying the bird’s habitat. The combination of habitat destruction and the introduction of feral cats and rats are thought to have led to the Lānai hookbill’s extinction. ==Taxonomy== The Lānai hookbill was first collected by George C. Munro from Lānai's Kaiholena Valley on February 22, 1913.〔 In 1919 Robert Cyril Layton Perkins described the species as ''Dysmorodrepanis munroi'' based upon this specimen, placing the hookbill in a new, monotypic genus.〔 The genus name is derived from the Ancient Greek words ''dusmoros'' "ill-fated," and ''drepanis'' to identify the species as a Hawaiian honeycreeper. ''Drepanis'' comes from the Ancient Greek word ''drepane'' "sickle," in reference to most Hawaiian honeycreeper's bills.〔 The specific name ''munroi'' recognizes the collector of the specimen, George C. Munro. The common name came from the species' limited range and distinctive bill shape.〔 However, other taxonomists challenged the validity of the species as early as 1939, noting that the Lānai hookbill was only known from one specimen and arguing that it was merely an aberrant and partially albino female ōū. The hookbill's validity was not confirmed until 1989 when the specimen's skull was removed and examined. The bird's cranial osteology, myology, plumage, and bill morphology confirmed the distinctness of the species. The hookbill was a member of the Hawaiian honeycreeper subfamily Drepanididae and the tribe Psittirostrini, which it shared with seven historically recorded species and about ten species known only from fossils.〔 It is believed that the Lānai hookbill was most closely related to the ōū . No fossil specimens of the Lānai hookbill have been found. 抄文引用元・出典: フリー百科事典『 ウィキペディア（Wikipedia）』 ■ウィキペディアで「Lāna'i hookbill」の詳細全文を読む スポンサード リンク
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